Linux Commands

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Revision as of 17:00, 30 September 2015 by 142.90.148.3 (talk)
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  1. RPM Version Info:
    • rpm -qa foo
  2. Shutdown X11:
    • init 3
  3. Reboot the System:
    • init 6
  4. Mount a CDROM:
    • mount /dev/cdrom
  5. Unmount a CDROM:
    • umount /dev/cdrom
  6. List Start Up Scripts:
    • chkconfig --list
  7. Turn On Start Up Script:
    • chkconfig service start
  8. Turn Off Start Up Script:
    • chkconfig service off
  9. Get the kernel version by typing
    • uname -r
  10. Format USB Device to Vfat
    •  mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1
  11. How to create tarball's assuming your directory is called foo:</pre>
    • tar -cvzf foo.tar.gz /dir/foo
  12. Add user to Virtual Postfix Database:</pre>
    • postmap virtual
  13. Enable RAID1 Mirroring ndas:
    • ndasadmin enable -s 1 -o w 2
  14. Reload Postfix:
    •  postfix reload
  15. Produces Postfix Queue List:
    •  postqueue -p
  16. Also Produces Postfix Queue List:
    • mailq
  17. Flush Postfix Queues:
    •  postqueue -f
  18. Remote Desktop for Windows (toggle -f on or off for fullscreen):
    • rdesktop -g 1152x768 -a 24 -b -f mail
  19. Unzip bz2 files:
    • bzip2 -cd files.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
  20. Show program install path:
    • which {program}
  21. Removes mail from mail queue
    • postsuper -d {queue id}>
  22. Displays Hardware info from BIOS (must have installed dmidecode installed)
    • dmidecode
  23. To get a Network list of current IP/Hostname's, type the following on the command line:
    • dig axfr hosthame
  24. or to sort by IP type:
    • dig axfr hostname |grep IN | egrep A |sort -n  -k 5 -k 7 -t .
  25. Type the following to setup rpmq to find true kernel version
    • alias rpmq='rpm --qf '\''%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}.%{ARCH}\n'\'' -q'
  26. Type the following to determine the kernel version
    • rpmq kernel
  27. List all PCI Devices:
    • lspci
  28. Reload named:
    • rndc reload
  29. Create Database:
    • create database {DATABASE NAME};
  30. Create Database Privileges:
    • grant all privileges on {DATABASE NAME}.* to {DATABASE USER}@localhost identified by '{DATABASE PASSWORD}';
  31. Set Privileges:
    • flush privileges;
  32. Netstat IP,PORTS
    • netstat -tnap
  33. Create QEMU Disk Images:
    • qemu-img create -f qcow {name}.img 3G
  34. Install OS on QEMU Drive Image via CD-ROM
    • qemu -cdrom /dev/cdrom -hda {name}.img -m {memsize} -boot d
  35. Install OS on QEMU Drive Image via IMAGE
    • qemu -cdrom {name}.iso -hda {name}.img -m {memsize} -boot d
  36. Run QEMU Disk Images with Sound (Blaster16):
    • qemu -hda {name}.img -m {memsize} -soundhw es1370 -localtime
  37. Move seamless between host and guest
    • qemu -hda {name}.img -m {memsize} -soundhw es1370 -localtime -usb -usbdevice tablet
  38. Resize AVI Files (--export_asr 3 is widescreen and --export_asr 2 is fullscreen)
    • transcode -i INPUT.avi -y ffmpeg,ffmpeg -F mpeg4 -Z 320x,fast --export_asr 2 -o OUTPUT.avi -E 44100,16,2 -b 256
  39. Start NetworkManager GUI Applet
    • nm-applet &
  40. Set Password for MySQL Root
    • mysqladmin -u root password new-password
  41. Remove User account and Home dir
    • userdel -r {username}
  42. Mount an ISO image
    • mount -o loop -t iso9660 filename.iso /mnt/iso
  43. Create random passwords
    • head /dev/urandom | strings
  44. Show partions on a drive
    • sfdisk -l
  45. You want to download all the GIFs from an HTTP directory. The command doesn't work since HTTP retrieval does not support globbing. In that case, use:
    • wget -r -l1 --no-parent -A.gif http://host/dir/
  46. How to rsync
    • rsync -r -a -v -e "ssh -l {username}" --delete {remote machine}:/dir /dir
  47. How to check memory
    •  ps -eo pid,ppid,rss,vsize,pcpu,pmem,cmd -ww --sort=pid
  48. How to search and replace recursively within files
    •  find . -type f -exec sed -i s/search/replace/g {} +
  49. How to convert Flac to MP3
    • for file in *.flac; do flac -cd "$file" | lame -h - "${file%.flac}.mp3"; done
  50. How to check 3ware Hardware RAID status:
    •  tw_cli /c0 show
  51. Dirvish Vault first init
    •  dirvish -vault ''vaultname'' --init
  52. CIFS mount:
    • mount -o username=username,password=1234,uid=username,gid=groupname,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,noperm //host/disk /mnt/NAS/
  53. How to install all development tools:
    • PRE Fedora 18: yum groups install "Development Tools"
    • POST Fedora 18: yum groupinstall development-libs development-tools gnome-software-development
    • apt-get install build-essential
  54. How to enable ndadmin slot:
    • ndasadmin enable -s 1 -o w
  55. How to install Debian Kernel headers:
    • apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
  56. How to find the largest file/directory human readable from your current directory:
    • du -hsx * | sort -rh | head -10
  57. How to list all installed PERL modules:
    • perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe  'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ }, no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
  58. GLOBAL REPLACE in the files (change call to mall in all *.kumac files):
    • awk '{gsub("call", "mall", $0); print > FILENAME}' *.kumac
  59. The fastest way to scan all your computers/network subnet for open ports ever:
    • nmap -T5 192.168.1.0/24
  60. Convert virtual image files:
    • ovftool --lax input.ovf output.vmx
  61. How to extract CPIO file:
    • cpio -id < filename
  62. How to create a CPIO file:
    • find . | cpio --create --format='filename' > /tmp/newinitrd
  63. How to all kernel mods:
    • find /lib/modules/*/ -type f -iname '*.ko' | less
  64. Find binaries only in a directory:
    • find -type f -executable -exec sh -c 'test "$(head -c 2 "$1")" != "#!"' sh {} \; -print
  65. Convert VMware to KVM:
    • qemu-img convert -O vmwareImage.vmdk kvmImage.qcow2
  66. How to replace space with new line:
    • 'tr ' ' '\n' < fileName
  67. How to reinstall GRUB2 Debian:
    • apt-get install --reinstall grub2-efi-amd64
  68. How to change or modify SSH-Key pass phrase:
    • ssh-keygen -p -f keyfile
  69. How find parition block size:
    • blockdev --getbsz /dev/partion
  70. How to fix inssev warning when trying to use chkconfig:
    • update-rc.d -f <deamon> remove
    • update-rc.d -f <deamon> defaults
  71. How to turn on/off DNS trace logging:
    • rndc querylog
  72. Commandline speed test:
    • wget -O /dev/null http://speedtest.tele2.net/1GB.zip
  73. Burn ISO or other images from commandline:
    • growisofs -Z /dev/cdrom=file.iso
  74. Remove white space in all files in directory
    • for file in *; do  mv "$file" "${file//[[:space:]]}"; done
  75. How to get UDID from iPhone:
    • lsusb -s :`lsusb | grep iPhone | cut -d ' ' -f 4 | sed 's/://'` -v | grep iSerial | awk '{print $3}'
  76. How to remount read only drive live:
    • mount / -rw -o remount
  77. How to sniff TFTP/DHCP requests:
    • tshark -i eth0 -f "tcp portrange 67-69" -V
  78. Fix Debian keyring on the commandline:
    • apt-get install debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring
    • apt-key update
  79. Test HDD read/write speeds:
    • hdparm -Tt /dev/sda